Mary - Cells

For science this year, 10KLE learnt about Living and Non-Living things, A Cell Structure and also Functions of Cell Parts(Organelles).

Living & Non-living Things:

I have learnt that the study of living things is called Biology. There are seven characteristics that a Living thing show, Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion and Nutrition. Some non-living things show one or two of the seven characteristics of living things, such as Machines like washing machines. They can move, but only if it has some type of energy resource to get it moving.

Non-living things can be divided into two groups:

First come those which were never part of a living thing, such as stone and gold.

The second group are those which were once part of living things, such as coal. Coal was formed when trees died and sank into the soft ground. Paper is also another example of a non-living thing that was once living, because it was made from trees. Jam is another example of a non-living thing that was once part of a living thing, this is because it was made from the fruit of a plant.

A table showing what Living and Non-living things can do:

Living Things	Non-living Things
They can grow	They can’t Reproduce
They can reproduce	They can’t Grow
They can Move on their Own	They can’t move, only if a energy resource helps it to.
They can Sense	They can’t Excrete.
They can Respire	They can’t Sense

Labelled Cell - Animal Cell & Plant Cell:

Cell Parts & Their Function:

Cell Membrane: Very thin transparent sheet. Holds everything inside and controls what comes in and out..

Cell Wall: Made of cellulose and only found in plants, also thick and strong. Provides strength for the plants.

Nucleus: Small dark circular spot. The control center for the cell and contains genes.

Cytoplasm: Watery jelly like substance which fills most of the cell. It holds the cell organelles and contains nutrients and chemicals.

Vacuole: Water filled bubble. Helps keep the cell firm.

Chloroplasts: Small green structure found only in the green part of plants. They make sugar for the plant.

Mitochondria: Squiggly green thing. The part of the cell that does respiration to give the cell energy.

Photosynthesis:

What is Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a process in which Carbon Dioxide and water are used by the plants to produce carbohydrate and oxygen in the presence of sunlight.

What are the substances required? The substances that are required for photosynthesis are, Water from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air, energy from the sunlight which is then absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts of leaf cells.